Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a significant concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various as

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable power to shield delicate skin. This gentle component has long been utilized in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective qualities. Establishing a physical barrier on the skin's top layer, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful radia